MCQ Quiz

1. Pharyngeal membranes are formed by which germ layers?

Mesoderm only

Ectoderm and mesoderm

Ectoderm and endoderm with mesoderm in between

Endoderm only

Explanation:
Pharyngeal membranes are double-layered (ectoderm + endoderm) with mesoderm between them.

2. Pharyngeal arches begin to develop during which embryonic week?

Third week

Fourth week

Fifth week

Sixth week

Explanation:
Pharyngeal arches develop early in the fourth week as neural crest cells migrate.

3. Which pharyngeal arch is rudimentary and not visible externally?

Second

Third

Fourth

Fifth

Explanation:
The fifth pharyngeal arch is rudimentary and not visible on the embryo surface.

4. A typical pharyngeal arch contains all EXCEPT:

Lymphatic vessel

Arch artery

Cartilaginous rod

Cranial nerve

Explanation:
Each arch contains an artery, cartilage, muscle component, and a nerve — not lymphatics.

5. Pharyngeal arches support the lateral walls of which structure?

Primitive larynx

Stomodeum

Primordial pharynx

Neural tube

Explanation:
Pharyngeal arches support the lateral walls of the primordial pharynx.

6. Neural crest cells mainly contribute to which component of the pharyngeal arch?

Endodermal lining

Ectodermal covering

Arch arteries

Mesenchymal core

Explanation:
Neural crest cells migrate into the arches and form most of the mesenchymal core.

7. Which ossicles develop from the first pharyngeal arch cartilage?

Stapes only

Malleus and incus

Incus and stapes

All auditory ossicles

Explanation:
The dorsal end of Meckel cartilage (1st arch) forms malleus and incus.

8. The mandible develops by which mechanism?

Endochondral ossification

Direct cartilage ossification

Intramembranous ossification

Periosteal ossification

Explanation:
The mandible forms by intramembranous ossification around Meckel cartilage.

9. The stapes and styloid process are derived from which pharyngeal arch?

Second

First

Third

Fourth

Explanation:
Second arch cartilage gives rise to stapes and styloid process.

10. Which structure forms the greater cornu of the hyoid bone?

Second arch cartilage

Fourth arch cartilage

Hypopharyngeal eminence alone

Third arch cartilage

Explanation:
The third arch cartilage forms the greater cornu of the hyoid bone.

11. The epiglottis develops from which structure?

Fourth arch cartilage

Sixth arch cartilage

Hypopharyngeal eminence

Meckel cartilage

Explanation:
The epiglottis develops from the hypopharyngeal eminence.

12. Which muscle is derived from the third pharyngeal arch?

Stylopharyngeus

Cricothyroid

Stapedius

Tensor veli palatini

Explanation:
Stylopharyngeus is the only muscle derived from the third arch.

13. All intrinsic laryngeal muscles EXCEPT cricothyroid are derived from:

Fourth arch

Sixth arch

Third arch

Second arch

Explanation:
Sixth arch gives rise to intrinsic laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid.

14. The nerve of the first pharyngeal arch is:

Facial nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Vagus nerve

Trigeminal nerve

Explanation:
The trigeminal nerve supplies the first pharyngeal arch.

15. Muscles of facial expression are derived from which arch?

Second

First

Third

Fourth

Explanation:
Second arch gives rise to muscles of facial expression.

16. Which nerve supplies the fourth pharyngeal arch?

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Superior laryngeal nerve

Hypoglossal nerve

Explanation:
The superior laryngeal branch of the vagus supplies the fourth arch.

17. The recurrent laryngeal nerve is the nerve of which arch?

Fourth

Sixth

Third

Second

Explanation:
The recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies derivatives of the sixth arch.

18. Cricothyroid muscle is supplied by:

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Facial nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Superior laryngeal nerve

Explanation:
Cricothyroid is derived from the fourth arch and supplied by the superior laryngeal nerve.

19. Which prominence gives rise to maxillary and mandibular components of the face?

First pharyngeal arch

Second pharyngeal arch

Frontonasal prominence

Hypopharyngeal eminence

Explanation:
The first arch forms maxillary and mandibular prominences.

20. Failure of neural crest migration into pharyngeal arches most severely affects:

Limb muscles

Spinal cord development

Face and neck structures

Somite formation

Explanation:
Neural crest cells are essential for development of facial and neck structures.

21. The body of the hyoid bone develops from:

Second arch cartilage

Hypopharyngeal eminence

Third arch cartilage alone

Fourth arch cartilage

Explanation:
The body of the hyoid bone develops from the hypopharyngeal eminence.

19# Development of Head, Neck, Eye & Ear

1. Pharyngeal membranes are formed by which germ layers?

2. Pharyngeal arches begin to develop during which embryonic week?

3. Which pharyngeal arch is rudimentary and not visible externally?

4. A typical pharyngeal arch contains all EXCEPT:

5. Pharyngeal arches support the lateral walls of which structure?

6. Neural crest cells mainly contribute to which component of the pharyngeal arch?

7. Which ossicles develop from the first pharyngeal arch cartilage?

8. The mandible develops by which mechanism?

9. The stapes and styloid process are derived from which pharyngeal arch?

10. Which structure forms the greater cornu of the hyoid bone?

11. The epiglottis develops from which structure?

12. Which muscle is derived from the third pharyngeal arch?

13. All intrinsic laryngeal muscles EXCEPT cricothyroid are derived from:

14. The nerve of the first pharyngeal arch is:

15. Muscles of facial expression are derived from which arch?

16. Which nerve supplies the fourth pharyngeal arch?

17. The recurrent laryngeal nerve is the nerve of which arch?

18. Cricothyroid muscle is supplied by:

19. Which prominence gives rise to maxillary and mandibular components of the face?

20. Failure of neural crest migration into pharyngeal arches most severely affects:

21. The body of the hyoid bone develops from: