MCQ Quiz

1. What is the main principle behind direct ophthalmoscopy?

Light is absorbed by the cornea

Light reflects from the retina back to the examiner’s eye

Light directly stimulates the optic nerve

Light bypasses the lens completely

Explanation:
In direct ophthalmoscopy, light is reflected from the retina back through the pupil into the examiner’s eye, allowing visualization of the fundus. :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}

2. The red reflex test is mainly used to detect:

Optic nerve damage

Retinal detachment

Opacity of ocular media

Color vision defects

Explanation:
The red reflex depends on the transparency of ocular media; absence suggests opacities such as cataract. :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}

3. The highest red reflex originates from which structure?

Retina

Cornea

Lens

Vitreous humor

Explanation:
The strongest red reflex comes from the retina, while the weakest is from cornea and vitreous. :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}

4. During ophthalmoscopy, the patient is asked to look at a far object to:

Dilate the pupil

Increase accommodation

Reduce blinking

Relax accommodation

Explanation:
Looking at a distant object relaxes accommodation, improving fundus visualization. :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}

5. Visual acuity mainly tests the function of which retinal area?

Peripheral retina

Fovea

Optic disc

Ora serrata

Explanation:
Visual acuity reflects foveal function due to its high cone density and small receptive fields. :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}

6. The minimum angle of resolution for a normal human eye is:

1 degree

5 minutes

1 minute of arc

30 seconds

Explanation:
Two points are resolved separately when they subtend an angle of 1 minute of arc on the retina. :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}

7. In Snellen chart testing, normal visual acuity is recorded as:

60/6

12/6

6/60

6/6

Explanation:
6/6 means the patient sees at 6 meters what a normal person sees at 6 meters. :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}

8. Which nerve carries the afferent limb of the pupillary light reflex?

Optic nerve

Oculomotor nerve

Trochlear nerve

Abducens nerve

Explanation:
The afferent limb of the pupillary light reflex is carried by the optic nerve to the midbrain. :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}

9. The Edinger–Westphal nucleus is associated with which cranial nerve?

Optic nerve

Oculomotor nerve

Facial nerve

Trigeminal nerve

Explanation:
The Edinger–Westphal nucleus is the parasympathetic nucleus of the oculomotor nerve. :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}

10. Absence of direct and consensual reflex when light is shone in one eye suggests:

Efferent pathway lesion

Normal reflex

Afferent pathway lesion

Lens opacity

Explanation:
Damage to the afferent pathway prevents signal transmission to both pupils. :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}

11. Red-green color blindness is inherited as:

X-linked recessive

Autosomal dominant

Autosomal recessive

Mitochondrial

Explanation:
Red and green cone genes are located on the X chromosome, making the condition X-linked. :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}

12. Achromatopsia is characterized by:

Loss of red cones only

Loss of green cones only

Loss of two cone types

Absence of all cones

Explanation:
Achromatopsia is total color blindness due to absence of all cone photoreceptors. :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}

13. The Ishihara test is mainly used to detect:

Blue-yellow deficiency

Red-green color blindness

Night blindness

Visual acuity defects

Explanation:
Ishihara plates are designed specifically to detect red-green color vision deficiencies. :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}

14. The confrontational test assesses:

Visual acuity

Color vision

Visual fields

Depth perception

Explanation:
Confrontation testing compares the examiner’s and patient’s peripheral visual fields. :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}

15. The temporal visual field corresponds anatomically to which retinal area?

Nasal retina

Temporal retina

Fovea

Optic disc

Explanation:
The nasal retina receives images from the temporal visual field. :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}

16. Conductive hearing loss is characterized by:

Damage to auditory nerve

Damage to organ of Corti

Aging-related cochlear damage

Impaired sound transmission in outer or middle ear

Explanation:
Conductive loss results from impaired transmission of sound to the cochlea. :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}

17. In Rinne’s test, a normal ear shows:

BC > AC

AC > BC

AC = BC

No sound heard

Explanation:
In normal hearing, air conduction is better and lasts longer than bone conduction. :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}

18. In Weber’s test, sound lateralizes to the affected ear in:

Normal hearing

Sensorineural hearing loss

Conductive hearing loss

Central hearing loss

Explanation:
In conductive hearing loss, sound is perceived louder in the diseased ear. :contentReference[oaicite:17]{index=17}

19. The mnemonic COWS in caloric testing refers to:

Cold same, warm opposite

Cold weak, warm strong

Cold ipsilateral, warm contralateral

Cold opposite, warm same

Explanation:
In caloric testing, cold water causes fast-phase nystagmus to the opposite side, warm to the same side. :contentReference[oaicite:18]{index=18}

20. The Barany chair primarily evaluates:

Vestibulo-ocular reflex

Auditory acuity