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4# Rabies & Arboviruses
1. Arboviruses are BEST described as viruses that are:
Strictly human pathogens
Arthropod-borne zoonotic viruses
Exclusively respiratory viruses
Transmitted only vertically
Explanation:
Arboviruses are zoonotic viruses transmitted by arthropods such as mosquitoes and ticks.
2. Arboviral infections are most commonly associated with which environmental condition?
Cold and dry climate
High altitude regions
Urban industrial zones
Heat and humidity
Explanation:
Arboviruses have restricted geography and thrive in warm, humid climates.
3. The MOST common clinical presentation of arboviral infections is:
Subclinical or mild illness
Fulminant encephalitis
Hemorrhagic shock
Chronic neurologic disease
Explanation:
Most arboviral infections are asymptomatic or cause mild flu-like illness.
4. Transovarial transmission in arboviruses refers to:
Transmission from human to human
Transmission from vertebrate to arthropod
Virus transmission from one arthropod generation to the next
Placental transmission in humans
Explanation:
Transovarial transmission allows the virus to persist across arthropod generations.
5. In the sylvatic cycle of arboviruses, the primary reservoirs are:
Humans only
Non-human vertebrates
Arthropods only
Domestic animals only
Explanation:
Sylvatic cycles involve non-human vertebrate reservoirs such as birds or mammals.
6. Lassa fever is caused by a virus belonging to which family?
Arenaviridae
Flaviviridae
Bunyaviridae
Filoviridae
Explanation:
Lassa virus is an arenavirus causing hemorrhagic fever.
7. Which rodent-borne virus causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome?
Junin virus
Lassa virus
Hantavirus
Machupo virus
Explanation:
Hantaviruses (Bunyaviridae) cause HFRS.
8. Sin Nombre virus is classically associated with:
Encephalitis
Renal failure only
Meningitis
Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome
Explanation:
Sin Nombre virus causes severe cardiopulmonary syndrome.
9. Which virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes hemorrhagic fever?
West Nile virus
Dengue virus
Japanese encephalitis virus
La Crosse virus
Explanation:
Dengue virus (Flaviviridae) causes hemorrhagic fever.
10. West Nile virus most commonly causes:
Encephalitis
Hemorrhagic fever
Birth defects
Biphasic illness
Explanation:
West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne cause of encephalitis.
11. Which arbovirus is associated with congenital abnormalities?
Yellow fever virus
Japanese encephalitis virus
Zika virus
Chikungunya virus
Explanation:
Zika virus infection during pregnancy causes birth defects.
12. Tick-borne encephalitis virus belongs to which family?
Togaviridae
Bunyaviridae
Reoviridae
Flaviviridae
Explanation:
TBEV is a Flavivirus transmitted by ticks.
13. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is transmitted by:
Ticks
Mosquitoes
Sandflies
Rodents
Explanation:
Crimean-Congo virus is a tick-borne Nairovirus.
14. La Crosse virus most commonly causes:
Hemorrhagic fever
Encephalitis
Febrile illness only
Birth defects
Explanation:
La Crosse virus is a mosquito-borne cause of encephalitis.
15. Rift Valley fever virus is transmitted primarily by:
Ticks
Rodents
Mosquitoes
Sandflies
Explanation:
Rift Valley fever virus is a sandfly-borne Phlebovirus.
16. Ebola virus belongs to which family?
Filoviridae
Flaviviridae
Arenaviridae
Bunyaviridae
Explanation:
Ebola virus is a Filovirus causing hemorrhagic fever.
17. The natural reservoir of Henipaviruses is:
Rodents
Insectivorous bats
Fruit bats (megabats)
Primates
Explanation:
Hendra and Nipah viruses are carried by fruit bats.
18. Nipah virus infection most commonly presents as:
Hemorrhagic fever
Encephalitis or respiratory illness
Chronic hepatitis
Myocarditis
Explanation:
Nipah virus causes severe encephalitis and respiratory disease.
19. Chikungunya virus is MOST accurately described as causing:
Hemorrhagic fever
Encephalitis only
Birth defects
Febrile illness with arthralgia
Explanation:
Chikungunya causes febrile illness, often with severe joint pain.
20. Which arbovirus is transmitted by ticks and causes febrile illness?
Colorado tick fever virus
West Nile virus
Dengue virus
Oropouche virus
Explanation:
Colorado tick fever virus (Reoviridae) causes tick-borne febrile illness.